全文获取类型
收费全文 | 165767篇 |
免费 | 15888篇 |
国内免费 | 7536篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 2283篇 |
儿科学 | 3763篇 |
妇产科学 | 1839篇 |
基础医学 | 30217篇 |
口腔科学 | 5399篇 |
临床医学 | 12751篇 |
内科学 | 22551篇 |
皮肤病学 | 4459篇 |
神经病学 | 9156篇 |
特种医学 | 3694篇 |
外国民族医学 | 118篇 |
外科学 | 14333篇 |
综合类 | 25887篇 |
现状与发展 | 49篇 |
预防医学 | 4410篇 |
眼科学 | 3477篇 |
药学 | 12922篇 |
25篇 | |
中国医学 | 5109篇 |
肿瘤学 | 26749篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 131篇 |
2023年 | 2298篇 |
2022年 | 2901篇 |
2021年 | 5605篇 |
2020年 | 5315篇 |
2019年 | 5236篇 |
2018年 | 5407篇 |
2017年 | 5702篇 |
2016年 | 5958篇 |
2015年 | 6793篇 |
2014年 | 9990篇 |
2013年 | 10971篇 |
2012年 | 9489篇 |
2011年 | 10671篇 |
2010年 | 8851篇 |
2009年 | 8529篇 |
2008年 | 9034篇 |
2007年 | 9301篇 |
2006年 | 8344篇 |
2005年 | 7703篇 |
2004年 | 6820篇 |
2003年 | 5908篇 |
2002年 | 4845篇 |
2001年 | 4150篇 |
2000年 | 3445篇 |
1999年 | 3018篇 |
1998年 | 2451篇 |
1997年 | 2391篇 |
1996年 | 2083篇 |
1995年 | 2087篇 |
1994年 | 1848篇 |
1993年 | 1546篇 |
1992年 | 1254篇 |
1991年 | 1182篇 |
1990年 | 909篇 |
1989年 | 853篇 |
1988年 | 799篇 |
1987年 | 632篇 |
1986年 | 592篇 |
1985年 | 785篇 |
1984年 | 709篇 |
1983年 | 496篇 |
1982年 | 514篇 |
1981年 | 415篇 |
1980年 | 345篇 |
1979年 | 261篇 |
1978年 | 185篇 |
1977年 | 143篇 |
1976年 | 108篇 |
1975年 | 48篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
991.
Immunophenotypic Profile and Increased Risk of Hospital Admission for Infection in Infants Born to Female Kidney Transplant Recipients 下载免费PDF全文
E. Ono A. M. dos Santos P. O. Viana M. I. S. Dinelli N. Sass L. De Oliveira A. L. Goulart M. I. de Moraes‐Pinto 《American journal of transplantation》2015,15(6):1654-1665
Children born to female kidney recipients are exposed to immunosuppressive drugs during gestation. Little is known about their immune system at birth or in the long term. Twenty‐eight children born to female kidney recipients and 40 full‐term children born to healthy mothers were evaluated. T, B, NK, NKT, γδT cells were assessed by flow cytometry and functional evaluation of T and dendritic cells after in vitro activation was performed at birth and at 8 months of age. At birth, infants born to female kidney recipients showed lower numbers of CD4+ T, NKT and intense reduction of B cells (median cells/mm3, transplant: 153.7 X control: 512.4; p < 0.001). There was also a reduced percentage of activated CD8+ T and of CD4+ regulatory T cells. Activated memory and exhausted memory B cells showed higher percentages among children exposed to immunosuppressors when compared to control group. At 8 months, most immune alterations were no longer observed, but four children still had low numbers of some lymphocyte subsets at this age. Children born to female kidney recipients had 4.351 (95% CI: 1.026–15.225; p = 0.046) higher risk of hospital admission in the first months of life—some, with severe clinical manifestations—than those born to healthy women. 相似文献
992.
Pathogen Stimulation History Impacts Donor‐Specific CD8+ T Cell Susceptibility to Costimulation/Integrin Blockade–Based Therapy 下载免费PDF全文
I. R. Badell W. H. Kitchens M. E. Wagener A. E. Lukacher C. P. Larsen M. L. Ford 《American journal of transplantation》2015,15(12):3081-3094
Recent studies have shown that the quantity of donor‐reactive memory T cells is an important factor in determining the relative heterologous immunity barrier posed during transplantation. Here, we hypothesized that the quality of T cell memory also potently influences the response to costimulation blockade‐based immunosuppression. Using a murine skin graft model of CD8+ memory T cell–mediated costimulation blockade resistance, we elicited donor‐reactive memory T cells using three distinct types of pathogen infections. Strikingly, we observed differential efficacy of a costimulation and integrin blockade regimen based on the type of pathogen used to elicit the donor‐reactive memory T cell response. Intriguingly, the most immunosuppression‐sensitive memory T cell populations were composed primarily of central memory cells that possessed greater recall potential, exhibited a less differentiated phenotype, and contained more multi‐cytokine producers. These data, therefore, demonstrate that the memory T cell barrier is dependent on the specific type of pathogen infection via which the donor‐reactive memory T cells are elicited, and suggest that the immune stimulation history of a given transplant patient may profoundly influence the relative barrier posed by heterologous immunity during transplantation. 相似文献
993.
Interferon Gamma ELISPOT Testing as a Risk‐Stratifying Biomarker for Kidney Transplant Injury: Results From the CTOT‐01 Multicenter Study 下载免费PDF全文
D. E. Hricik J. Augustine P. Nickerson R. N. Formica E. D. Poggio D. Rush K. A. Newell J. Goebel I. W. Gibson R. L. Fairchild K. Spain D. Iklé N. D. Bridges P. S. Heeger for the CTOT‐ consortium 《American journal of transplantation》2015,15(12):3166-3173
Previous studies suggest that quantifying donor‐reactive memory T cells prior to kidney transplantation by interferon gamma enzyme‐linked immunosorbent spot assay (IFNγELISPOT) can assist in assessing risk of posttransplant allograft injury. Herein, we report an analysis of IFNγELISPOT results from the multicenter, Clinical Trials in Organ Transplantation‐01 observational study of primary kidney transplant recipients treated with heterogeneous immunosuppression. Within the subset of 176 subjects with available IFNγELISPOT results, pretransplant IFNγELISPOT positivity surprisingly did not correlate with either the incidence of acute rejection (AR) or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at 6‐ or 12‐month. These unanticipated results prompted us to examine potential effect modifiers, including the use of T cell‐depleting, rabbit anti‐thymocyte globulin (ATG). Within the no‐ATG subset, IFNγELISPOTneg subjects had higher 6‐ and 12‐month eGFRs than IFNγELISPOTpos subjects, independent of biopsy‐proven AR, peak PRA, human leukocyte antigen mismatches, African‐American race, donor source, and recipient age or gender. In contrast, IFNγELISPOT status did not correlate with posttransplant eGFR in subjects given ATG. Our data confirm an association between pretransplant IFNγELISPOT positivity and lower posttransplant eGFR, but only in patients who do not receive ATG induction. Controlled studies are needed to test the hypothesis that ATG induction is preferentially beneficial to transplant candidates with high frequencies of donor‐reactive memory T cells. 相似文献
994.
目的观察脱细胞纤维环基质(DAFM)对纤维环源干细胞(AFSC)分化行为的影响,为新型纤维环组织工程支架材料的开发提供依据。方法将从新西兰大白兔获得的AFSC接种于由猪纤维环组织制备的DAFM膜和无DAFM膜培养皿,分别进行成脂、成骨、成软骨分化诱导,考察DAFM对AFSC分化行为的影响。结果 AFSC在DAFM膜上生长良好。DAFM膜上AFSC成脂、成软骨诱导分化水平低于无DAFM膜者,而成骨诱导分化水平显著高于无DAFM膜者;DAFM膜上的成脂、成骨及成软骨诱导比值(诱导组基因表达量/对照组基因表达量)均高于无DAFM膜者。结论猪DAFM有利于促进兔AFSC成骨分化,抑制其成脂及成软骨分化,较好地维持AFSC的差异性分化潜能。 相似文献
995.
996.
997.
998.
Defining the phenotype of young healthy nucleus pulposus cells: Recommendations of the Spine Research Interest Group at the 2014 annual ORS meeting 下载免费PDF全文
999.
Prognostic role of nuclear factor/IB and bone remodeling proteins in metastatic giant cell tumor of bone: A retrospective study 下载免费PDF全文
Irene Quattrini Serena Pollino Laura Pazzaglia Amalia Conti Chiara Novello Cristina Ferrari Elettra Pignotti Piero Picci Maria Serena Benassi 《Journal of orthopaedic research》2015,33(8):1205-1211
Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTb) represents 5% of bone tumors, and although considered benign, 5% metastasize to the lung. The expression of proteins directly or indirectly associated with osteolysis and tumor growth was studied on 163 samples of GCTb. Of these, 33 patients developed lung metastasis during follow‐up. The impact of tumor–host interaction on clinical aspects was evaluated with the aim of finding specific markers for new biological therapies, thus improving clinical management of GCTb. Protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis on Tissue Microarray. The majority of GCTb samples from patients with metastatic disease were strongly positive to RANKL and its receptor RANK as well as to CAII and MMP‐2 and to pro‐survival proteins NFIB and c‐Fos. Kaplan–Meier analysis indicated a significant difference in metastasis free survival curves based on protein staining. Interestingly, the statistical correlation established a strong association between all variables studied with a higher τ coefficient for RANK/RANKL, RANK/NFIB, and RANKL/NFIB pairs. At multivariate analysis co‐overexpression of NFIB, RANK and RANKL significantly increased the risk of metastasis with an odds ratio of 13.59 (95%CI 4.12–44.82; p < 0.0005). In conclusion, the interconnection between matrix remodeling and tumor cell activity may identify tumor–host endpoints for new biological treatments. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:1205–1211, 2015. 相似文献
1000.
Expression of CD105 and CD34 receptors controls BMP‐induced in vitro mineralization of mouse adipose‐derived stem cells but does not predict their in vivo bone‐forming potential 下载免费PDF全文
Vedavathi Madhu Allison Kilanski Nikitha Reghu Abhijit S. Dighe Quanjun Cui 《Journal of orthopaedic research》2015,33(5):625-632